Fornovo 1495AD
Background : In the year 1494AD, the King of France,CharlesVIII led a powerful army down through northern Italy to enforce his heriditary claim to Kingdom of Naples. France at this point in history was the most powerful state in Western Europe and Italy in direct contrast was militarily fragmented and politically divided. Charles obtained many Italian allies during his march south and those that opposed him were swiftly defeated in battle. The French juggernaut appeared to be unstoppable. By February 1495, The French had reached Naples and all of southern Italy was technically under their control. The return journey north was scheduled for May.
At the same time, the Northern Italian states were amazed at how easily the French had cut a path through their country and between them they formed an anti-French alliance titled the "League of Venice." This new Italian coalition assembled their armies under a central command with the intention of opposing the French during their return journey north. Numerically they were considerably stronger, technically they forces were inferior.
By June 1495, the French army was reentering northern Italy with its route blocked by the League of Venice forces. French strength by this stage had dwindle from installing garrisons and desease had taken a toll. Outnumbered three to one against, Charles merely wanted to return home and a "cat and mouse" game ensued with the League forces attempting to bring them the French to battle.
While crossing the Taro river near the town of Fornovo, the Italians were presented with their best opportunity for battle and they took it.............
The following DBM scenario is not your standard set piece battle and with victory conditions. The French army is on the march, the Italians line up along the river for attack. Using DBM for this period is an alternative to using DBR which is probably more suitable as outline on Bob Beattie Home Page for the very same battle. As DBR is not widely used by NWA members, we have used DBM.
Italian Army List Right Flank 1 x Sub general Reg Kn(S) Centre 1 x CinC Reg Kn(S) Left Flank 1 x Sub-general Reg Kn(S) Detached Flanking Force 1 x Sub general Irr LH(O) Army Total = 78.5 EE |
French List Advanced Guard (Swiss) 1 x Swiss Sub general Reg Pk(S) Advanced Guard (French) 1 x French Sub general Reg Kn(S) Centre 1 x French CinC Reg Kn(S) Rearguard 1 x French Sub general Reg Kn(S) Army Total = 61 EE |
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The fords were name from the local villages closest to them which are otherwise too small to be represented on the board. The Rough Going on the hills is low scrub/brush and rocky ground. |
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Italian Deployment The Italian Force will be deployed on the West bank of the Taro river (except for the detached Flanking Force command) as follows: 1) Right wing. Centred around the Gairola ford. All troops must be set up within 6 inches of either side of the ford. 2) Centre. Centred around the Oppiano ford. All troops must be set up within 6 inches of either side of the ford. 3) Left wing. Deployed between the Gualatico and Ozzano fords. Troops may also be deployed 3 inches north of the Gualatico ford and 3 inches south of the Ozzano ford. 4) Detached Light horse command. In ambush, behind the hills at least four feet from the northern edge of the table. The command can be placed in up to three single element wide columns facing northwards. |
French Deployment The French Force will be deployed command by command from North to South. Each command must have its troops facing towards the northern edge of the table as follows: 1) French Advanced Guard, with the artillery deployed in column to the East of the road. All troops must be deployed at least two and a half feet (1500 paces) from the northern edge of the table. 2) Swiss Advanced Guard, with the pikemen in column on the road. 3) Centre. This force must deploy at least four feet (2400 paces) from the northern edge of the table. The command must be led by the King, who must be deployed on the road. The blades must also be deployed in column on the road. 4) Rearguard. The baggage must be placed in column on the road. No troops can be placed within one and a half foot (750 paces) of the southern edge of the table. |
| Italian Victory conditions Victory conditions are checked at the end of each French bound. To win the Italians must achieve either of the following conditions while still having at least three undemoralised commands at the end of the game: 1) Demoralise the French army, OR 2) To capture or kill the King of France. If both or neither sides achieve their victory conditions then the game is a draw. |
French Victory conditions Victory conditions are checked at the end of each French bound. To win the French must achieve one of the following victory conditions: 1) To demoralise the Italian army. 2) To move at least three undemoralised commands and the king off the northern edge of the table. 3) To clear a path to the northern edge of the table and destroy any Italian forces (apart from Light horse) from the West bank of the Taro river. This condition cannot be achieved in the first six turns of the game. If both or neither sides achieve their victory conditions then the game is a draw. |
| Weather The game begins with fine weather and no wind. There is a chance of rain (as per normal rules). If the rain starts then it will continue for the rest of the game.
Special Rules |
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This scenario was organised and run by Martin Morgan during one of our April meetings were we played two games, and later at our Public Open Day in September. The results were varied with different players in command. |
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![]() The initial setup as seen from the French side. The French direction of march is North. The Italian Flanking Force of light horse is not placed due to it being in ambush. This command historically was tailing the French army and rode off into the hills to block a pass, but turned back? during the battle to ambush the French rear guard. |
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Game 1: The French commanders deployed badly for this battle by poorly defending the baggage. The Italian Stradiots (Flanking Force) broke ambush and looted the baggage routing the French archers Bw(I) in the process. This effort broke the French rear guard. The Italian Left command was blocked and routed while attempting to cross the river but French luck ran out when their advanced guard was overwhelmed. The artillery failing to deploy in time was to be ridden down early in the game.
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![]() The Italian assault is in full swing. The French baggage has been wiped out and their advane guard is in strife. The French army broke shortly afterwards. |
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| Game 2:
The French commanders were better prepared for this refight.
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![]() The closing shot of Game 2 and the participants involved. French players were Tom Break, Nigel Muller, Scott Nicholas. Italian players; Nick Wade, Martin Morgan, John Waligora. Thanks to Martin Morgan for organising these games. |
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Playing a late fifteenth century battle such as Fornovo 1495 is stretching the historical limits of DBM. Many DBx players would consider DBR as a better option for the start of the gunpowder age. The access details for using DBR for this same battle scenario, I would refer you to Bob Beatties Home Page.